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Space games: the classics of the 80s and 90s

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EliteElite1987MS-DOS / PCFrontier - First EncountersFrontier - First Encounters1995MS-DOS / PCWing CommanderWing Commander1990MS-DOS / PCWing Commander II Deluxe EditionWing Commander II Deluxe Edition1992MS-DOS / PCWing Commander ArmadaWing Commander Armada1994MS-DOS / PCMaster of OrionMaster of Orion1993MS-DOS / PCMaster of Orion II - Battle at AntaresMaster of Orion II - Battle at Antares1996MS-DOS / PCAscendancyAscendancy1995MS-DOS / PCStarflightStarflight1986MS-DOS / PCSpace HulkSpace Hulk1993MS-DOS / PCSpace RogueSpace Rogue1989MS-DOS / PCSpace Quest I - The Sarien Encounter VGASpace Quest I - The Sarien Encounter VGA1991MS-DOS / PCSpace InvadersSpace Invaders1978MS-DOS / PCSpace HarrierSpace Harrier1989MS-DOS / PCSpace AceSpace Ace1989MS-DOS / PCSpace Ace II - Borf's RevengeSpace Ace II - Borf's Revenge1991MS-DOS / PCSpace Station OblivionSpace Station Oblivion1988MS-DOS / PCProtostar - War on the FrontierProtostar - War on the Frontier1993MS-DOS / PCSpace 1889Space 18891990MS-DOS / PCSpace TaxiSpace Taxi1984Commodore 64Final FrontierFinal Frontier1989MS-DOS / PCSpace WarsSpace Wars1977Arcade (MAME)Space PanicSpace Panic1980Arcade (MAME)Gateway 2 - HomeworldGateway 2 - Homeworld1993MS-DOS / PCStarflight 2 - Trade Routes of the Cloud NebulaStarflight 2 - Trade Routes of the Cloud Nebula1989MS-DOS / PCSpace Quest 4: Roger Wilco and the Time RippersSpace Quest 4: Roger Wilco and the Time Rippers1991MS-DOS / PCSpace Quest 6: Roger Wilco in the Spinal FrontierSpace Quest 6: Roger Wilco in the Spinal Frontier1995MS-DOS / PCStar Control IIinfo onlyStar Control II1992MS-DOS / PCStar Wars X-Winginfo onlyStar Wars X-Wing1993MS-DOS / PCStar Wars TIE Fighterinfo onlyStar Wars TIE Fighter1994MS-DOS / PCReunioninfo onlyReunion1994MS-DOS / PCWing Commander: Privateerinfo onlyWing Commander: Privateer1993MS-DOS / PCHomeworldinfo onlyHomeworld1999MS-DOS / PCFrontier: Elite IIinfo onlyFrontier: Elite II1993Commodore AmigaStar Controlinfo onlyStar Control1990Commodore Amiga

Space was the setting that early computers handled best. A star field costs almost nothing to draw, a galaxy can be generated from a formula instead of stored on disk, and nobody complains that the physics look wrong. That combination produced an unusually strong run of space games between the mid-1980s and the late 1990s, spanning trading simulators, fleet strategy, cockpit combat and comedy adventures.

The foundation is Elite, written by David Braben and Ian Bell and first released in 1984. It fitted eight galaxies of trading, piracy and bounty hunting into a machine with 32 kilobytes of memory by generating the star systems procedurally rather than storing them. There was no plot and no ending, only a rank that slowly climbed while you decided what kind of pilot to be. Braben continued the line with Frontier: Elite II and Frontier: First Encounters, which added Newtonian flight and a full solar-system scale.

The cockpit-and-story branch belongs to Origin Systems. Wing Commander, designed by Chris Roberts and released in 1990, put dogfights between briefing-room scenes and let the campaign branch depending on whether you won or lost. LucasArts answered with X-Wing and TIE Fighter, which took the same structure into the Star Wars universe and are widely considered the high point of the space-sim era.

Strategy took a different route. Master of Orion, developed by Simtex and published by MicroProse in 1993, compressed empire building, ship design and diplomacy into a game you could finish in an evening, and effectively defined the 4X space genre. Star Control II mixed arcade ship duels with a large, funny galaxy of alien races, while Starflight and Protostar leaned toward exploration and survey work. Comedy is represented by Sierra's Space Quest series, in which the janitor Roger Wilco keeps saving the galaxy by accident.

Titles marked as playable start directly in the browser through an emulator, with no installation and no account.

FAQ

Which space game should I start with?
For open-ended trading and exploration, Elite is still the clearest expression of the idea, though its wireframe graphics take some adjustment. For story-driven combat start with Wing Commander. For strategy, Master of Orion is the most approachable of the empire builders.
Do I need a joystick?
No, but the flight simulators were designed around one. Wing Commander and the Elite games are playable on keyboard, and the emulator maps keys for you. Strategy and adventure titles such as Master of Orion or Space Quest only need mouse and keyboard.
Are these games hard by modern standards?
Several are, mostly because they expect you to read a manual and take notes. Elite gives you no tutorial at all, and the early space sims assume you know your ship's systems. The strategy and adventure titles in the list are much gentler starting points.
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